केंद्रीय बैंक (Central Bank)

Central Bank की भूमिकाएं

Central bank की core functions: (1) Currency issuance - physical notes और coins छापना। (2) Monetary policy - interest rates और money supply control। (3) Banker to government - treasury के लिए transactions। (4) Banker to banks - inter-bank settlements, emergency lending (lender of last resort)। (5) Forex reserves management। (6) Financial stability oversight। (7) Payment systems regulation। (8) Banking regulation और supervision। Modern central banks operationally independent हैं political interference से लेकिन accountable to elected officials। Most central banks inflation targeting framework follow करते हैं।

Major Global Central Banks

प्रमुख central banks जो forex traders को track करने चाहिए: (1) Federal Reserve (US) - most influential globally। (2) European Central Bank (ECB) - Eurozone। (3) Bank of England (BoE) - UK। (4) Bank of Japan (BoJ) - Japan। (5) Swiss National Bank (SNB) - Switzerland। (6) Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA)। (7) Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ)। (8) Bank of Canada (BoC)। (9) People's Bank of China (PBoC)। (10) Reserve Bank of India (RBI) - भारत। इनके policy decisions forex markets को directly move करते हैं।

RBI और भारतीय central bank

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) भारत का central bank है, 1935 में established, 1949 में nationalized। Mumbai में headquartered। MPC (Monetary Policy Committee) monetary policy decide करती है - 6 members (3 RBI, 3 external)। Primary objective: price stability (4% inflation target, ±2% band)। Shaktikanta Das currently Governor हैं। RBI का USD/INR पर huge influence है - intervention, reserve management, FPI guidelines। RBI के $600+ billion forex reserves दुनिया के top 5 में हैं। RBI policy reviews हर 2 महीने में होती हैं, rate decisions + Monetary Policy Report release। Federal Reserve (Fed), European Central Bank (ECB), monetary-policy भी पढ़ें।